John Maynard Smith
Born
in London, The United Kingdom
January 06, 1920
Died
April 19, 2004
Website
Genre
Influences
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The Origins of Life: From the Birth of Life to the Origin of Language
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13 editions
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published
1999
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The Major Transitions in Evolution
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13 editions
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published
1995
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The Theory of Evolution
by
23 editions
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published
1976
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Evolution and the Theory of Games
6 editions
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published
1982
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The Ant and the Peacock: Altruism and Sexual Selection from Darwin to Today
by
5 editions
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published
1991
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Evolutionary Genetics
7 editions
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published
1989
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Animal Signals (Oxford Series in Ecology and Evolution)
by
5 editions
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published
2003
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Shaping Life: Genes, Embryos and Evolution (Darwinism Today series)
7 editions
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published
1998
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Did Darwin Get It Right?: Essays on Games, Sex and Evolution
11 editions
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published
1988
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The Problems of Biology
10 editions
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published
1986
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“In living organisms, nucleic acid molecules are the only indefinite hereditary replicators, or at least they were until the invention of language and music.”
― The Major Transitions in Evolution
― The Major Transitions in Evolution
“Thus three conclusions emerge from the eye story: (1) it is easier to inherit a ‘vision acquisition device’ than a full-blown hard-wired visual analyser; (2) the visual analyser, once ‘set up’, is refractory to radical restructuring—hence the existence of a critical period in its development in cats; (3) the eye seems to have evolved in steps from a light-sensitive, innervated cell to our complex organ by common evolutionary mechanisms. Something similar may have been taking place in evolution of the language organ, and may be occurring during individual development. An argument, put forward forcefully by Noam Chomsky and his followers, refers to the ‘poverty of stimulus’. Most permutations of word order and grammatical items in a sentence leads to incomprehensible gibberish. There is no way that children could learn without some internal ‘guide’ which sentence is grammatical and which is not, only on the basis of heard examples. To make matters worse, many parents do not correct their children’s grammatical mistakes (they seem to be much more worried about the utterance of four-letter words). Recent investigations clearly confirm that children’s ‘instinctive’ understanding of grammatical intricacies, between the ages 2 and 4, is far better than one would expect from a conventional learning mechanism. Thus there seems to be a ‘language acquisition device’ (LAD) in the brain, which must be triggered by linguistic input so that its working ultimately leads to proper language. It is the LAD, and not a fully developed linguistic processor, which seems to be innate.”
― Origins of Life: From the Birth of Life to the Origin of Language
― Origins of Life: From the Birth of Life to the Origin of Language
“There is no theoretical reason to expect evolutionary lineages to increase in complexity with time, and no empirical evidence that they do so. Nevertheless, eukaryotic cells are more complex than prokaryotic ones, animals and plants are more complex than protists, and so on. This increase in complexity may have been achieved as a result of a series of major evolutionary transitions. These involved changes in the way information is stored and transmitted.
[The major evolutionary transitions, Nature 374, 227 - 232 (16 March 1994)]”
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[The major evolutionary transitions, Nature 374, 227 - 232 (16 March 1994)]”
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Topics Mentioning This Author
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